বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় বাণিজ্যিক সংস্থা ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নে। ১৯৯৪ সালের ১ জানুয়ারি ইউরোপীয় অর্থনৈতিক ইনস্টিটিউট প্রতিষ্ঠা এবং ১৯৯৯ সালে ইউরোপীয় মুদ্রার প্রবর্তন ইউরোপে ইউনিয়ন আর্থিক ক্ষেত্রে বৈপ্লবিক পরিবর্তন আনয়ন করে। ১৯৯০ সালে বলকান অঞ্চলে সংঘাতময় পরিস্থিতির উদ্ভব হলে ইইউ "সাধারণ পররাষ্ট্র ও নিরাপত্তানীতি" প্রণয়ন করে। ইউরোপীয় সদস্যভুক্ত দেশগুলোর নাগরিকেরা পাসপোর্ট ও ভিসা ছাড়াই অন্যা দেশগুলোতে যাতায়াত করতে পারে।
জেনে নিই
ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের বর্তমান সদস্য ২৮টি |
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১. জার্মানি
২. মাল্টা
৩. সাইপ্রাস
৪. হাঙ্গেরি
৫. অস্ট্রিয়া
৬. আয়ারল্যান্ড
৭. বেলজিয়াম
৮. ফিনল্যান্ড
৯. সুইডেন
১০. নেদারল্যান্ডস
১১. ইতালি
১২. ডেনমার্ক
১৩. পোল্যান্ড
১৪. লুক্সেমবার্গ
১৫. স্পেন
১৬. পর্তুগাল
১৭. স্লোভেনিয়া
১৮. বুলগেরিয়া
১৯. ক্রোয়েশিয়া
২০. স্লোভাকিয়া
২১. লাটভিয়া
২২. লিথুনিয়া
২৩. রোমানিয়া
২৪. এস্তোনিয়া
২৫. চেকপ্রজাতন্ত্র
২৬. গ্রীস
২৭. ফ্রান্স
Eurozone: ইউরো মুদ্রা গ্রহণকারী দেশসমূহকে একত্রে ইউরোজোন বলা হয়। এর সদস্য-১৯টি। সর্বশেষ ইউরো গ্রহণ করেছে লিথুনিয়া (১ জানুয়ারি ২০১৫)। কখনো ইউরো মুদ্রা গ্রহণ করেনি বা করবে না- ডেনমার্ক ও সুইডেন। ২০২৩ সালে ইউরোজোনে যোগ দিবে বুলগেরিয়া ও ক্রোয়েশিয়া।
চুক্তিসমূহঃ
রোম চুক্তি (Rome Treaty)- 1957, উদ্দেশ্য- European Economic Community (EEC) প্রতিষ্ঠা ।
শেনঝেন চুক্তি (Shengen Treaty)- 1985, উদ্দেশ্য- ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নে ভিসামুক্ত প্রবেশ। ফলটিইটি
ম্যাসট্রিচট চুক্তি (Mastricht Treaty)- 1992, উদ্দেশ্য- ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নে মূল সংবিধান হলো ম্যাসট্রিচট চুক্তি।
এই চুক্তির ফল-
EEC থেকে EU হয় : ১ নভেম্বর, ১৯৯৩
Euro মুদ্রা চালু হয়: ১ জানুয়ারী, ১৯৯৯
লিসবন চুক্তি (Lasbon Treaty) - 2007, উদ্দেশ্য- ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন সংস্কার।
জেনে নিই
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আমাদের অল-ইন-ওয়ান মোবাইল অ্যাপের মাধ্যমে সীমাহীন শেখার সুযোগ উপভোগ করুন।
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